我国农村产业融合发展研究

[目的]农村产业融合发展是打造新农业农村经济增长极的重要载体,是构建蓝绿交织、清新明亮、产业共融的田园综合体的有效途径,对于促进农民增收、农业增效、农村增绿具有重要意义。[方法]文章根据统计数据,通过定性分析的方法,对我国农村产业融合发展意义、现状、机遇及制约因素进行了深入研究。[结果]当前我国农村产业融合发展初见成效,发展模式日益多样化、经营主体逐步多元化、利益联结机制不断健全。新形势下,我国农村产业融合发展的制度环境更加优越、物质基础更加雄厚、市场空间更加广阔、内生动力更加强劲。但是,我国农村产业融合还处于起步阶段,农村产业融合层次浅、新型农业经营主体带动能力弱、利益联结机制松散、要素瓶颈制约尚未打破、基础设施建设滞后等问题比较突出。[结论]提出应从加强顶层设计、完善产业融合模式、强化新型农业经营主体的带动能力、健全利益联结机制、激发多种要素、加强基础设施建设等方面搭建农村产业融合发展平台,促进农村产业融合发展驶入"时代高铁"。     

在学懂弄通做实党的十九大精神上下功夫扎实推进水利供给侧结构性改革

从适应世界供给体系加快调整优化、解决我国新时代主要矛盾和开创中国特色水利现代化新局面等3个方面分析了新时代深化供给侧结构性改革的新形势;从供给质量、供给效率和发展动力等角度提出了新时代水利供给侧结构性改革的主攻方向;从不断健全水利基础设施网络、积极实施国家节水行动、全面推行河长制、大力推进水生态文明建设、深化重点领域改革、依法治水和科技兴水等6个方面提出了全面落实新时代水利供给侧结构性改革的新任务。     

Is green growth relevant for poor economies?

To be relevant to developing countries, green growth must be reconciled with the two key structural features of natural resource use and poverty in these countries. First, primary products account for the majority of their export earnings, and they are unable to diversify from primary production. Second, many economies have a substantial share of their rural population located on less favored agricultural land and in remote areas, thus encouraging “geographic” poverty traps. If green growth is to be a catalyst for economy-wide transformation and poverty alleviation in developing countries, then it must be accompanied by policies aimed directly at overcoming these two structural features. Policies and reforms should foster forward and backward linkages of primary production, enhance its integration with the rest of the economy, and improve opportunities for innovation and knowledge spillovers. Rural poverty, especially the persistent concentration of the rural poor on less favored agricultural lands and in remote areas, needs to be addressed by additional targeted policies and investments, and where necessary, policies to promote rural-urban migration.     

建国初期中共粮食战略与1949年云南公粮征收研究

1950年3月6日以宋任穷为书记的中共云南省委正式成立，3月12日即颁布命令征收1949年公粮。当时各地基层政权立足未稳，难以承担如此巨任，阶级矛盾、民族矛盾错综复杂，征粮刚一展开即受挫。其原因主要一是云南财政恶化超出预想，粮食存量少；二是粮食新政权的保障，所以中共云南省委不遗余力地大力推进征粮工作。此次征粮不仅与云南地方军民生活用度有关，更与建国初期中共新政权在经济战场上与敌人斗争紧密相连。     

浅析影响磷化铝熏蒸杀虫效果的原因及解决的对策

储粮害虫对粮油食品生产全过程中所造成数量上的损失很大，据统计，全世界仅粮食在储藏期间，因虫害造成的损失高达5％，此外，还使其食品品质劣变。本文论述了粮食储藏过程中磷化铝熏蒸难杀死害虫分析其原因，并提出相应对策，为切实减少或避免储粮害虫造成的损失，提高储粮害虫防治水平，确保国家粮食安全有所裨益。     

Community-based rural residential land consolidation and allocation can help to revitalize hollowed villages in traditional agricultural areas of China: Evidence from Dancheng County,Henan Province

The accelerated rural hollowing driven by vast and increasing out-migration of rural labors under urban–rural dual-track system has imposed huge obstacles on improving land use efficiency and coordinating urban–rural development in China. Taking Dancheng County in Henan Province as an example, this paper analyzes the status quo of rural hollowing and discusses two typical rural residential land consolidation and allocation (RRLCA) practices in traditional agricultural areas (TAAs) of China. The results show that, Dancheng experienced rapid rural hollowing characterized as the hollowing of rural industries, infrastructure, and residential population and settlements. However, Dancheng has considerable potential and the necessity of RRLCA, for the model-based estimation shows that the potential of increasing farmland by carrying out RRLCA was about 5649 ha. The two community-based RRLCA practices show positive effects on the improvement of local living conditions, increment of farmland area and development of rural industries. Their experiences, including self-organized rural planning, democratic decision-making, and endogenous institutional innovation may benefit future RRLCA. Overall, it indicates that promoting community-based RRLCA scientifically according to local conditions could provide an integrated platform for increasing farmland area, developing modern agriculture, promoting new countryside construction, and thus revitalize hollowed villages. On considering the limitations and obstacles of current initiatives, suggestions for future RRLCA in rural China have been put forward.     

铁路货运站适应能力分析与对策

铁路货运站是铁路货物运输的起点和终点,大力提升铁路货运站适应能力是顺利实施铁路货运改革的重要基础。文章统筹考虑全国主要货运站存在的主要问题,从运转设备能力和货运设施能力两个层面分析铁路货运站的适应性问题即货运站适应能力,提出具体的提升铁路货运站适应能力的对策及建议。     

Modeling the time varying volatility of housing returns: Further evidence from the U.S. metropolitan condominium markets

This study extends the literature on modeling the volatility of housing returns to the case of condominium returns for five major U.S. metropolitan areas (Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco). Through the estimation of ARMA models for the respective condominium returns, we find volatility clustering of the residuals. The results from an ARMA‐TGARCH‐M model reveal the absence of asymmetry in the conditional variance. Dummy variables associated with the housing market collapse unique to each metropolitan area were statistically insignificant in the conditional variance equation, but negative and statistically significant in the mean equation. Condominium markets in Los Angeles and San Francisco exhibit the greatest persistence to volatility shocks.     

林业产业结构升级对国有林区改革绩效的影响

基于2003—2016年东北、内蒙古重点国有林区87个林业局的面板数据,以林业总产值、森林管护面积、年末在岗职工人数作为衡量指标,采用面板数据固定效应模型分析林业产业结构升级对国有林区改革绩效的影响机制。结果表明:林业产业结构高级化对国有林区改革绩效具有促进效应,但产业结构升级速度过快也会在一定程度上对国有林区改革绩效产生抑制效应;林业财政投资额对林业总产值具有显著促进作用;年末在岗职工人均工资对森林管护面积和年末在岗职工人数具有显著促进作用;林业工作站数量对森林管护面积具有显著促进作用。因此为推动国有林区改革工作顺利进展,重点国有林区林业产业结构升级应与经济发展水平和生态环境状况相适应。     

"利剑斩污"行动下石家庄市挥发性有机物的污染特性变化研究

为研究石家庄市在"利剑斩污"行动管控期和非管控期挥发性有机物(VOCs)的污染特性变化,在2个时间段内对石家庄市3个国控点进行采样分析。通过苏玛罐(SUMMA罐)进行样品采集,利用气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MS)仪对石家庄市区3个国控点的VOCs进行定性定量检测分析。结果表明,监测期间主要的特征污染物是二氯甲烷、二氯丙烷、苯和甲苯。与非管控期间相比,管控期间各污染物的质量浓度均有所降低,总VOCs平均质量浓度降低45.107μg/m~3,二氯甲烷质量浓度降低8.796μg/m~3,二氯丙烷质量浓度降低3.750μg/m~3,苯质量浓度降低18.285μg/m~3,甲苯质量浓度降低16.895μg/m~3。大气环境调控策略的实施,有效降低了VOCs浓度,减少了空气污染程度,空气质量改善效果显著。"利剑斩污"行动期间采取的相关举措,对于制定常态化下VOCs的防治对策具有一定的参考价值。